Guide: Beekeeper
As a hobby beekeeper you start best in spring with two colonies. In most US states you don’t need a license, but many states require you to register your hives with the state apiary program. A beginner course at your local beekeeping club is highly recommended.
Next up: Join a club and take a course
01What you need
Bees and hives
- $180–250 each
- $150–250 each
- $2–3 each
- $10–15 each
Protective gear and tools
- $40–90
- $12–20
- $8–15
- $30–50
- $30–50 per year
Honey harvest
- $0–350
- $25–45
- $0.80 each
02Certificates and registration
Hobby beekeeping does not require a certificate. Many states (for example Florida, Pennsylvania, Virginia) require hive registration with the state department of agriculture, and some cities have rules on how many hives you may keep. If you plan to sell honey, check your state’s cottage food laws.
- Check your state’s apiary rules and register your hives if required
- Check city or HOA rules for backyard hives
- Optional: join a local beekeeping club for mentoring
Can I start right away? Almost: register your hives if your state requires it. You don’t need a license.
03What you need to know
The beekeeping year
Spring: colonies grow, first inspection from about 55 °F. May to June: swarm season, inspect weekly. Summer: harvest, then treat for varroa right away. Late summer: feed for winter. Winter: leave the bees alone.
Swarm control
In swarm season check every 7 days for queen cells (peanut-shaped cells at the frame edges). Splitting the colony is the most common fix.
Varroa mites
The biggest threat to honey bees. Without treatment most colonies die within one to two years. Monitor mite levels with an alcohol wash or sugar roll.
Location
Sunny to partly shaded, sheltered from wind, entrance facing southeast, away from paths and neighbors, with water nearby.
04Where to learn it
05Step by step
- Join a club and take a courseSign up in winter and find a mentor.
Nov–Feb - Choose a site and buy equipmentAssemble hives and frames.
Feb–Mar - Register your hivesIf your state requires it, before the bees arrive.
March - Install your nucsMove bees in the evening, open the entrance next morning.
Apr–May - Weekly inspectionsCheck brood, queen, food and queen cells.
May–July - Treat mites and feedAfter the last harvest so the colonies survive winter.
Aug–Sept
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